Original Battery Size (Group 24 &27) and cap color Green, Yellow or Red?

I did some searching and am only finding tidbits of information on battery size and cap color.
I am specifically interested in 1968, but would be nice to understand mid 60's through mid 70's.
The one think I know for sure is that group 27 batteries had red caps between 65 - 68, and group 24 batteries had yellow or green caps between 65 & 68. Two questions I want to answer are:
1: What was the difference between the Yellow and Green Cap group 24 battery
2: What battery would have came with...

Original Battery Size (Group 24 &27) and cap color Green, Yellow or Red?
Author: HWYCRZR